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French Conjunctive Phrases

Locutions conjonctives

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A conjunctive phrase is a group of two or more words that function as a conjunction. French conjunctive phrases usually end in que and are usually subordinating conjunctions.

French conjunctive phrases
  • à condition que*   provided that
  • afin que*   so that
  • ainsi que   just as, so as
  • alors que   while, whereas
  • à moins que**   unless
  • après que   after, when
  • à supposer que*   assuming that
  • au cas où   in case
  • avant que**   before
  • bien que*   although
  • dans l'hypothèse où   in the event that
  • de crainte que**   for fear that
  • de façon que*   in such a way that
  • de même que   just as
  • de peur que**   for fear that
  • dès que   as soon as
  • en admettant que*   assuming that
  • en attendant que*   while, until
  • encore que   even though
  • jusqu'à ce que*   until
  • parce que   because
  • pendant que   while
  • pour que*   so that
  • pourvu que*   provided that
  • quand bien même   even though/if
  • quoi que*   whatever, no matter what
  • sans que**   without
  • sitôt que   as soon as
  • supposé que   supposing
  • tandis que   while, whereas
*These conjunctions must be followed by the subjunctive.
**These conjunctions require the subjunctive and ne explétif.


Examples

   Il travaille pour que vous puissiez manger.
   He works so that you can eat.
The main clause is il travaille. Why does he work? Pour que vous puissiez manger. The idea here is not that you can eat, but the fact that you can eat because he works. Another clue is that vous puissiez manger cannot stand alone - the subjunctive is only found in subordinate clauses.

   J'ai réussi à l'examen bien que je n'aie pas étudié.
   I passed the test even though I didn't study.
The main clause is j'ai réussi à l'examen. How did I pass the test? Certainly not by studying, since je n'ai pas étudié. So j'ai réussi à l'examen is incomplete without the juxtaposition bien que je n'aie pas étudié.

   Il est parti parce qu'il avait peur.
   He left because he was afraid.
The main clause is il est parti. Why did he leave? Because il avait peur. The idea il avait peur is incomplete without the main clause il est parti.


Keep learning

   Introduction to French conjunctions
   French coordinating conjunctions
   French coordinating conjunctions for emphasis
   French subordinating conjunctions
   French conjunctive phrases

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