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French Compound Nouns - Plurals - Les noms composés au pluriel

How to make French compound nouns plural

By , About.com Guide

French compound nouns are made up of two or more words often connected by hyphens. Making them plural can be a little tricky, but there are some guidelines that can help.

When making compound nouns plural, two rules generally apply:
  1. Nouns, adjectives, and past participles become plural
  2. Verbs, prepositions, and adverbs are invariable
Here are the most common combinations of words in French compound nouns and the general rules for their pluralization. Please note that these are just guidelines and that there are exceptions. (Le Bon Usage has an excellent in-depth discussion of compound noun plurals.)

Noun + noun
    The two nouns are equal Both are plural
un oiseau-mouche des oiseaux-mouches
un chou-fleur des choux-fleurs
  
One noun modifies the other
(often with a preposition)
Modifier is invariable
un aide de camp des aides de camp
un arc-en-ciel des arcs-en-ciel
un chef-d'œuvre des chefs-d'oeuvre
un soutien-gorge des soutiens-gorge
  
Noun + adjective Both are plural
un coffre-fort des coffres-forts
un pied plat des pieds plats
  
Adjective + noun Both are plural
un grand-père des grands-pères
une belle-fille des belles-filles
  
Adjective + adjective Both are plural
une douce-amère des douces-amères
un sourd-muet des sourds-muets
  
Adverb + noun Adverb is invariable
une arrière-cour des arrière-cours
un haut-parleur des haut-parleurs
  
Adverb + past participle Adverb is invariable
un nouveau-né des nouveau-nés
un bien-aimé des bien-aimés
  
Preposition + noun Preposition is invariable
une contre-offensive des contre-offensives
un en-tête des en-têtes
un après-midi des après-midis
  
Verb + noun
Concrete/countable noun Verb is invariable
un brise-glace (ice breaker) des brise-glaces
un couvre-lit des couvre-lits
  
Abstract/collective noun Invariable
un porte-monnaie des porte-monnaie
un gratte-ciel des gratte-ciel
  
Verb + verb Invariable
un laissez-passer des laissez-passer
un va-et-vient des va-et-vient
 
More: Gender of compound nouns

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