French Lessons and Articles - 2010
12-31-10 - Casser les pieds
What does the French expression casser les pieds mean? Learn all about it
here.
12-30-10 - Top French
Searches
Looking for something? Here are links to the most common French search terms at
Learn French at About.
12-29-10 - New Year's Resolutions
Another new year is almost upon us - take advantage of this annual fresh start to
make a New Year's resolution (une bonne résolution de nouvel an) regarding
your French learning.
12-28-10 - French expressions
for special occasions
Learn some idiomatic French expressions related to holidays and other special occasions.
12-26-10 - French Kwanzaa Vocabulary
Kwanzaa is a week-long celebration of African identity and culture throughout the
world, particularly in the United States. This list of vocabulary will help you
celebrate it à la française.
12-25-10 - Christmas in France
In France, Christmas is a time for family and for generosity, marked by family reunions,
gifts and candy for children, gifts for the poor, Midnight Mass, and le Réveillon.
The celebration of Christmas varies in France by region.
12-22-10 - Meilleurs vœux
A useful expression all year round, but especially during the holidays.
12-23-10 - Faire une croix
dessus
What does the French expression faire une croix dessus mean? Learn all about
it here.
12-22-10 - Christmas Crossword
This crossword puzzle provides fill-in-the-blank clues related to French Christmas
words.
12-21-10 - Faux amis
Learn 5 new word pairs that look similar but don't mean the same thing: engrosser/engross,
inviter/invite, luxury/luxure, pet, and sympathie/sympathy.
12-20-10 - Indefinite French
I find that one of the hardest things to translate into another language is indefiniteness:
anyone did something everywhere all the time. Learn about every kind of French indefiniteness,
from indefinite adjectives to the indefinite subject pronoun.
12-19-10 - Christmas Word Search
Have some Christmas fun with a word search puzzle featuring French Christmas and
New Year's words and phrases.
12-18-10 - "Parlez-vous Français ?"
What's wrong with writing "parlez-vous Français"? Learn about this French mistake.
12-17-10 - Sauver la mise
What does the French expression sauver la mise mean? Learn all about it here.
12-16-10 - French Christmas
Vocabulary
Whether writing a letter to Santa or just celebrating Christmas, this French Christmas
vocabulary will come in handy.
12-15-10 - Letters to
Santa in French
In the run-up to Christmas, it can be difficult to keep students interested in French.
Instead of fighting it, why not incorporate Christmas into the classroom? One fun
and easy way to do this is to write a letter to Santa.
12-14-10 - Passive Impersonal
In the passive impersonal construction, a normally non-reflexive verb is used reflexively
in order to express the passive nature of the action, as in Ça se voit -
That's obvious.
12-13-10 - Gifts for Francophiles
Still wondering what to buy for the French lover on your list? Someone who really
loves French probably already has a good dictionary and grammar book, so here are
some gifts that will thrill your favorite Francophile.
12-11-10 - "Bienvenu !"
What's wrong with saying bienvenu? Learn about this French mistake.
12-10-10 - À chacun
son goût
What does the French expression à chacun son goût mean? Learn all about it
here.
12-9-10 - 2011 French Calendars
With the new year looming, why not incorporate just that little bit more French
into your life by using a calendar that's either in French or about France? Here
are my favorite French-related calendars and date books, plus the free, printable,
and very colorful French calendar that I created just for you.
12-8-07 - French Christmas Carols ~ Chants de
Noël
Spread some Christmas cheer à la française! Here are lyrics and translations of
dozens of French Christmas carols, including Douce Nuit, Les Anges dans
nos campagnes, Vive le vent, Il est né le divin enfant, and
Mon beau sapin.
12-7-10 - Expressions with par
The French preposition par means "through" or "by" and is also used in many
expressions. Learn how to say out of friendship, intermittently, these days, and
more with this list of expressions with par.
12-6-10 - All About Aimer
Aimer is one of the most common French verbs. It is a regular -ER verb, requires
avoir in the compound tenses, and can mean "to like" or "to love." There
is a little bit of a trick to using aimer correctly with people and direct
object pronouns which you will learn about in this lesson.
12-4-10 -
Franglais, and other French crimes
Franglais has long been spoken in France, and the simplification of French spelling
that takes place on the internet doesn't help matters, but a recent advertising
campaign has taken the massacre of French to a whole new level.
12-3-10 - La goutte qui
fait déborder le vase
What does the idiomatic French expression La goutte qui fait déborder le vase
mean? Learn all about it here.
12-2-10 - Indefinite Adverbs
~ Adverbes indéfinis
I've never seen this covered in French grammar books, but I think French indefinite
adverbs, or at least the French equivalents for English indefinite adverbs, are
interesting and very useful.
12-1-10 - French Hanukkah Vocabulary
Hanukkah is a Jewish festival of survival and freedom that lasts for eight days.
Learn some French vocabulary related to this annual Jewish celebration which begins
this year on the 1st of December.
11-30-10 -issime - French
suffix
What does the French suffix -issime and mean and how is it used?
11-29-10 - French Geography
Lessons related to French geography, including vocabulary (countries, French regions,
US states, and Canadian provinces) and grammar (geographical prepositions, gender).
11-28-10 - French Advent Calendar
Celebrate the run up to Christmas with this online French Advent calendar. Each
day has a different seasonal term, Christmas carol, game, quiz, and gift idea.
11-27-10 - Avoir un petit creux
What does the idiomatic French expression avoir un petit creux mean? Learn
all about it here.
11-26-10 - Top French Gifts
It's officially the first day of Christmas shopping (in the US, at least), so here
are my top gift picks for the French lovers on your list, whether they are kids;
beginning, intermediate, or advanced students; translators; or teachers. Each list
has an assortment of different kinds of resources, including dictionaries, grammar
books, audio resources, software, movies, and interesting non-fiction.
11-25-10 - French Thanksgiving
Vocabulary
Thanksgiving is not celebrated in France, so here is some French vocabulary and
a quiz related to the American holiday.
11-24-10 - Expressing Gratitude
in French
'Tis the season to be grateful, so it's also a good time to review the many different
ways to express gratitude in French. Take a look at this lesson to learn the formulas.
11-23-10 - Ordinal numbers
and fractions
Ordinal numbers are used to express rank or position - in other words, ordinal
numbers are used for ordering, as opposed to cardinal numbers which
are for counting. French ordinal numbers are often taught at the same time
as fractions because most French ordinal numbers and fractions are the same word.
11-12-10 - Synonyms for Très
If you want to make your French sound more, well, French, one place to start is
with your vocabulary. In French classes, you tend to learn the most common, basic
terms. The adverb très is one example of a very common word that can be replaced
by any of a number of synonyms, in both normal and informal registers. Take a look
at this lesson to learn some different ways to say "very," and be sure to note the
differences in intensity.
11-21-10 - Album de photos / Arbre
généalogique
Making a photo album or family tree is an interesting project for French classes
or for independent studiers looking to spice up their self-instruction. This project
is perfect as a short-term activity for beginning to low-intermediate students.
11-19-10 - Au cas où
What does the French expression au cas où mean? Learn all about it here.
11-18-10 - To Make
"To make" is a very general, very useful verb in English. Its French translations
vary wildly, so take a look at this lesson to learn how to translate various meanings
of "make" into French.
11-17-10 - Top French
Words
What are the most common French words? Check out this list of the 100 most common
French words, with links to lessons.
11-16-10 - Giving Orders in
French - Donner les ordres
You probably know that the imperative is commonly used to give orders in French,
but what about other constructions? Have you ever seen another verb form used and
figured it was a mistake? It probably wasn't - in fact there are several different
ways to give orders in French.
11-15-10 - All about Partir
Partir is one of the most common French verbs. It is irregular in conjugation,
requires être in the compound tenses, and has different meanings depending
on the preposition that follows.
11-14-10 - C cédille
Do you know where and why to use ç in French? Learn about this common French mistake.
11-12-10 - Rien à voir
What does the French expression rien à voir mean? Learn all about it here.
11-11-10 - Determiners
The grammatical term "determiner" refers to a word, either an article or a certain
type of adjective, which simultaneously introduces and modifies a noun. Determiners,
also known as non-qualifying adjectives, are much more common in French than in
English - some sort of determiner is nearly always required in front of each noun
used.
11-10-10 - Are you a Francophile?
Take this little quiz to find out how much or little of a Francophile you are.
11-9-10 - Indefinite
Relative Pronouns ~ Pronoms relatifs indéfinis
Indefinite relative pronouns link relative clauses to main clauses but have
no antecedent. Ce qui, ce que, ce dont, and quoi are
the French indefinite relative pronouns, and there's no one-to-one equivalent for
these words - depending on context, the English translation may be "what" or "which."
11-8-10 - Homophones
Homophones are words that have the same pronunciation but different meanings and,
sometimes, spellings. Learn the most common French homophones.
11-5-10 - Au lieu de
What does the French expression au lieu de mean? Learn all about it here.
11-4-10 - French stem-changing
verbs in all tenses
French stem-changing verbs have stem changes in more than just the present tense.
Learn about the stem changes that occur in each French tense and mood.
4-10 November - National
French Week
Organized by the American Association of Teachers of French (AATF), National French
Week is an annual celebration of French language and francophone cultures. AATF
organizations, Alliance française branches, and French departments across the country
will join in promoting French and everything that goes along with it with assorted
activities and events.
11-4-10 - Overcoming speaking
anxiety
Shyness apart, if you feel nervous when speaking French, it's probably due to a
lack of confidence in your skills: you don't feel you have the grammar, vocabulary,
and/or pronunciation needed in order to express yourself. The obvious solution is
to improve your French, and this site is filled with resources to help you do just
that. Beyond lessons and learning, however, there are other ways to increase your
confidence and feel more comfortable speaking French.
11-3-10 - Mistake: Je suis
intéressé dans
Je suis intéressé dans is the literal translation of "I'm interested in."
However, as is often the case, the literal translation simply isn't good French.
11-2-10 - Singular vs plural
meaning changes
Some French nouns can only be singular, some only be plural, and some have different
meanings depending on whether they are singular or plural.
11-1-10 -
La Toussaint
Often considered synonymous with the first of November (in France), la Toussaint
is in fact a two-day celebration of two related holidays, and there's also an expression,
faire
un temps de Toussaint, that you can use any time of year.
10-31-10 - Halloween in France
What is Halloween? Where did it come from? Why and how is it celebrated in France?
If you've ever puzzled over these questions, take a look at this article.
10-30-10 - Passer à l'heure
d'hiver
France will be changing its clocks on the 31st - here's how to talk about it.
10-26-10 - Literary Tenses
You've heard of them, maybe even learned to recognize some of them, but just what
are literary tenses? This lesson explores where they are used, why and how to avoid
them, and what is lost when you do.
10-25-10 - Synonyms for bon
If you want to make your French sound more, well, French, one place to start is
with your vocabulary. In French classes, you tend to learn the most common, basic
terms, like bon, but there are numerous synonyms to choose between, in both
normal and informal registers.
10-22-10 - Opération
escargot
What does the French expression opération escargot mean? Learn all about
it here.
10-21-10 - Pronominal verbs
Pronominal verbs, including reflexive verbs, need a reflexive pronoun to indicate
that the subject is performing the action of the verb upon itself.
10-19-10 - Calendar
Memorize this French calendar vocabulary so that you can talk about the day of the
week and the date in French.
10-18-10 - Faux adjectives
In French, there are a number of words which are not actually adjectives but may
be used as adjectives. These "faux adjectives" or "occasional adjectives" are always
invariable - they do not agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify.
10-15-10 - En souffrance
What does the French expression en souffrance mean? Learn all about it here.
10-14-10 - Pronunciation OU vs
U
The letter u is one of the most difficult sounds in the French language,
at least for English speakers, both to pronounce and to distinguish from ou.
Here are some tips and numerous sound files to help you hear and say the difference.
10-12-10 - Contre - French
Preposition
The French preposition contre usually means "against," but also has some
other English equivalents, depending on the context.
10-11-10 - Adverbial French Adjectives
By now you know that French adjectives normally agree with the nouns they modify,
but you've probably seen a few cases where they don't. There are a number of French
adjectives which are often used as adverbs (that is, they modify verbs rather than
nouns), and when used in this way, these "adverbial adjectives," which tend to be
short and very common, are invariable.
10-10-10 - The
"Rude" French
Do you know about the rude French? This stereotype is so widespread that even people
who have never set foot in France take it upon themselves to warn potential visitors
about French rudeness. Is there any truth to it, or is it just a myth? Find out
in my article about
The "Rude" French.
10-8-10 - À tes souhaits
What does the French expression à tes souhaits mean? Learn all about it here.
10-7-10 - All about sortir
Sortir is one of the most common French verbs. It is irregular in conjugation,
and may require either être or avoir in the compound tenses, depending
on whether it means "to go out" or "to take out."
10-5-10 - Subjunctive
Conjugations
Unlike using the French subjunctive, conjugating it is relatively straightforward.
10-4-10 - Pronunciation LL
In French, the double L is sometimes pronounced like an L, and other times like
a Y. How do you know when to pronounce it each way? This lesson explains the general
rules and the inevitable exceptions.
10-6-10 - Living and
working in France
One common trait among people who study French is a desire to live and possibly
work in France. Many dream of this, but not many succeed in actually doing it. Just
what is it that makes it so difficult to live in France?
10-1-10 - À peine
What does the French expression à peine mean? Learn all about it here.
9-30-10 - Se - reflexive
pronoun
Se, the third person singular and plural reflexive pronoun, is one of the
most often misused French pronouns. It can only be used in two kinds of constructions.
9-28-10 - Politeness
Being polite is absolutely essential. Before you go to France, be sure you know
how to say "please" and "thank you" at the very least.
9-27-10 - Mistake: Il m'a dit
de ne bouger pas
Rules for word order with infinitives are different that with conjugated verbs.
9-29-10 - Jeopardy - French
class game
Sometimes a little fun is just what students need to be reinspired, and games can
be an excellent way to learn, practice, and review French in interesting and creative
ways. Jeopardy, based on the American game show, is an easy game because you don't
need a lot of props.
9-24-10 - À la bonne
franquette
What does the French expression à la bonne franquette mean? Learn all about
it here.
9-23-10 - All about croire
Croire is one of the most common French verbs. It's irregular in conjugation
and literally means "to believe," and is also used in many idiomatic expressions.
9-21-10 - Preposition par
The French preposition par means "through," "by," or "per." It can indicate
the manner in which something is done, the reason behind an event, the direction
something moves, or the amount of something per some unit of measurement.
9-20-10 - At the store dialogue
French dialogue between a customer and storekeeper.
9-22-10 - Building sentences
Building sentences is an interesting French class filler or warm-up activity. Students
practice verb conjugations or word order by putting together words or sentences
on individual index cards.
9-17-10 -
Quand les poules auront des dents
What does the French expression quand les poules auront des dents mean? Learn
all about it here.
9-16-10 - Synonyms for petit
If you want to make your French sound more, well, French, one place to start is
with your vocabulary. The adjective petit is a very common French word that
can be replaced by any number of synonyms. Take a look at this lesson to learn some
different ways to say "small" and "short," and be sure to note the different nuances.
9-15-10 - Classroom number
practice
Do you find teaching numbers boring, figuring that once you've taught your students
to count in French, there's not much else you can do? If so, I have good news for
you (and your students). Teachers on the Profs de français forum shared all
kinds of great ideas for practicing numbers, including several games.
9-14-10 - French Possession
There are four grammatical constructions used to express possession in French: adjectives,
pronouns, and two different prepositions. Take a look at this summary of the different
French possibilities, and then follow the links for detailed information.
9-13-10 - Mistake: Demander
une question
When you ask a question in French, you can't use the verb "to ask."
9-10-10 - À la rigueur
What does the French expression à la rigueur mean? Learn all about it here.
9-9-10 - Verbs with prepositions
Many French verbs require a certain preposition in order for their meaning to be
complete. Here is an alphabetical list of French verbs and the prepositions they
need (if any).
9-8-10 - Why learn French?
There are all kinds of reasons to learn a foreign language in general, and French
in particular.
9-7-10 - Gender of compound
nouns
French compound nouns are made up of two or more words often connected by
hyphens. Figuring out their gender can
be a little tricky, so here are some rules that can help.
9-6-10 - Beginning
Pronunciation
French, like English, can be very difficult in terms of pronunciation, due to intricacies
like silent letters, multiple sounds for a single letter, and endless exceptions
to whatever rules you find. This lesson is an attempt to simplify French pronunciation,
to make it easier for you to get started, even if you don't know how every letter
combination is pronounced in every situation.
9-3-10 - En fait
What does the French expression en fait mean? Learn all about it here.
9-2-10 - Word order with the
imperative
The order of words in a French sentence can be very confusing due to affirmative
and negative imperative constructions and object and adverbial pronouns. This lesson
will teach you exactly how to order your sentences when using the imperative. Remember
that there are two kinds of imperatives, affirmative and negative, and the word
order is different for each of them.
9-1-10 - French class phrases
To help students use as much French as possible in the classroom, here is a list
of essential words and phrases related to comprehension and typical classroom requests.
8-31-10 - Furniture
Learn some French vocabulary related to furniture, appliances, and home furnishings.
8-30-10 - Mistake: Il y sera
You probably know that il y a means "there is," but do you know how to say
"there will be"? Learn how to use the expression il y a in different tenses.
8-27-10 - Au fait
What does the French expression au fait mean? Learn all about it here.
8-26-10 - Singular or plural?
In both French and English, many nouns can be singular or plural: un homme
(one man), deux hommes (two men), la chaise (the chair), les chaises
(the chairs). But there are quite a few French nouns can only be singular or plural.
8-25-10 - French only
in class
In French classes, teachers usually want to encourage students to speak only in
French, but this can be difficult to enforce, especially when you have a large class
and students are doing group work. Find inspiration with this variety of creative
and effective techniques shared by French teachers.
8-24-10 - School vocabulary
Learn French vocabulary related to school, including different types of schools
and school supplies.
8-23-10 - Back to
school
School is starting again - time to start dusting off your old French notes and
figuring out whatever happened to that beat-up old dictionary. To help you get back
into the French mood - pun intended - here are some pages of general information
about French, lessons, online resources, and recommended tools and supplies. Whether
you need to start thinking about a formal evaluation of your French level, figuring
out what kind of job you can use your French in, or upgrading to a bigger dictionary,
this page has everything students and teachers need to get back into French.
8-20-10 - Tourner sept fois
la langue dans la bouche
What does the idiomatic French expression tourner sept fois la langue dans la
bouche mean? Learn all about it here.
8-19-10 - Listening exercise:
Greetings and introductions
Work on your French listening comprehension with this short dialogue focusing on
greetings and introductions.
8-18-10 - First day teaching
tips
What should you do on the first day of French class? Students may be new to language
learning or coming back from vacation, so is it better to have some fun or dive
right into grammar and vocabulary? Here is a collection of tips shared by French
teachers.
8-17-10 - Preposition sur
The French preposition sur usually means "on," but has a few other possible
meanings depending on what it's used with.
8-16-10 - Mistake: Écouter à la
radio
There are several French verbs that can't be followed by a preposition, even though
you need one in English.
8-13-10 - C'est pas tes oignons
What does the idiomatic French expression c'est pas tes oignons mean? Learn
all about it here.
8-12-10 - All about arriver
Arriver is one of the most common French verbs. It's a regular -ER verb but
takes être in the compound tenses. Arriver literally means "to arrive,"
but is also used in some idiomatic expressions and as an impersonal verb.
8-11-10 - Le Petit Prince
Le Petit Prince is the wonderfully touching and creative story of a man who
meets an extraordinary boy and relearns what it means to be a child.
8-10-10 - Rhythm - Le Rythme
The musicality of the French language is due to its rhythm, particularly the lack
of stressed syllables. Learn about the prosody of French, how it differs from English,
and more about French pronunciation.
8-9-10 - Mistake: pour un an
The French preposition pour translates as "for," but when referring to time,
you can only use it to talk about the future.
8-6-10 - Trempé comme une
soupe
What does the idiomatic French expression trempé comme une soupe mean? Learn
all about it here.
8-5-10 - What is register?
Register refers to the level of formality of a given word, expression, grammatical
structure, gesture, or means of pronunciation. In French, there are six registers.
8-4-10 - Before you buy a French
dictionary
Like all reference materials, French dictionaries can be pretty expensive. However,
with any luck they'll last you for a few years, so it's in your best interest to
invest in something that's appropriate for your level and needs. Here are some things
to keep in mind when buying a French dictionary.
8-3-10 - Irregular -IR
Verbs
Irregular verbs are the bane of every French student's existence, but there is some
good news. There are some patterns in the irregularities - once you learn the conjugations
for one verb in a group, you shouldn't have any trouble with the other verbs in
that group.
8-2-10 - Mistake: je suis plein
When you want to say that you're full, you want to avoid this expression.
7-30-10 - Chercher midi à
quatorze heures
What does the idiomatic French expression chercher midi à quatorze heures
mean? Learn all about it here.
7-29-10 - All about pouvoir
Pouvoir is one of the most common French verbs. It is irregular in conjugation
and literally means "can" or "to be able to." Pouvoir has different meanings
in certain tenses and is found in numerous expressions.
7-28-10 - Bilingual books
Bilingual books (sometimes called dual-language books) are a great way to enjoy
literature when your language skills aren't quite good enough to read the original.
These books are French classics that include the original French as well as an English
translation, so that you can compare them as you read.
7-27-10 - Avoir, être, faire
The irregular French verbs avoir (to have), être (to be), and faire
(to do/make) are the most important French verbs. They are used in some of the ways
that we use them in English as well as in many expressions.
7-26-10 - Most popular vocabulary
lessons
Vocabulary is one of the keys to language. When people talk about fluency, they
usually include some reference to the minimum number of words that one must know.
I must have at least 200 vocabulary lessons on my site, but some are much more popular
than others. To make it easier for you to find these essential French vocabulary
pages, I've put them together into a handy top 15 list that you can bookmark for
future reference.
7-23-10 - Il pleut des
cordes
What does the idiomatic French expression il pleut des cordes mean? Learn
all about it here.
7-22-10 - French mistake: ce hôpital
Even though hôpital is masculine, ce is not the correct demonstrative
adjective to use with it. Check out this page to find out the right way to say "this
hospital."
7-21-10 - Cycling Vocabulary
Whether you love cycling or just watching competitions like the Tour de France,
which ends on 25 July, you'll want to learn some French vocabulary related to cycling.
7-20-10 - Essential French
Even if you're just going to France for a week, you should know some survival French
- a few essential words and phrases that you'll probably use over and over, including
yes, no, and Do you speak English?
7-19-10 - On - indefinite
subject pronoun
On is the French indefinite
subject pronoun,
used mainly in informal French. It literally means "one," as in "One would think..."
But it is usually used as an informal replacement for we, you,
they, someone, everyone, or people in general.
7-18-10 - Beginning French
listening: Breakfast
Work on your French listening comprehension with this sound file about breakfast
in a restaurant.
7-16-10 - Mettre les pieds
dans le plat
What does the idiomatic French expression mettre les pieds dans le plat mean?
Learn all about it here.
7-15-10 - Relative adjectives
Lequel is usually a pronoun, but it can also be a relative adjective.
Relative adjectives are placed in front of nouns to indicate a link between that
noun and an antecedent (the same noun previously stated or implied). In both English
and French, relative adjectives are used mainly in legal, administrative, or other
highly-formal language.
7-14-10 - Bastille Day!
The French national holiday commemorates the storming of the Bastille, which took
place on 14 July 1789 and marked the beginning of the French Revolution. Do you
know what this event represents? When the French observe this holiday in mid-July,
what ideals are they celebrating? Learn all about Bastille Day - in French or English
- and listen to the Marseillaise.
7-13-10 - Faux amis
Seeing isn't always believing - check out five new words that look similar but have
dissimilar meanings: pédant/pedantic, petulant, solde/sold, ticket, and truand/truant.
7-12-10 - Que
as a conjunction
The French word que has numerous uses and meanings, but it's most commonly
used as a conjunction, meaning "that." In English, "that" is usually optional, but
que can never be omitted in French.
7-10-10 - French vocabulary
- National holidays and patriotism
In honor of the 4th of July (American Independence Day), Bastille Day, Canada Day,
and Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day, here is a list of French vocabulary related to national
holidays.
7-9-10 - Parler le français
comme une vache espagnole
What does the idiomatic French expression parler le français comme une vache
espagnole mean? Learn all about it here.
7-8-10 - Mistake: je vais
I'm going. While this is a complete sentence in English, je vais is not in
French. Learn how to correct this common French mistake.
7-7-10 - French Soccer Vocabulary
The World Cup will end on 11 July; learn some French vocabulary related to soccer
as you watch the finals.
7-6-10 - Preposition en
The French preposition en is nearly always used directly in front of a noun,
with no article.
7-5-10 - Top 10 pages
Week after week, there are certain pages on my site - mostly indexes to particular
types of lessons - that consistently get high traffic. To make it easier for my
readers to find these popular pages, I've put them together into a handy top 10
list that you can bookmark for future reference.
7-4-10 - Tips for adults
Learning French as an adult is not the same thing as learning it as a child,
but it's not impossible for anyone to learn French, no matter what their age. I've
received emails from adults of all ages who are learning French - including a woman
of 85. It's never too late! Here are some guidelines that can help you learn French
as an adult.
7-2-10 - Que dalle !
What does the idiomatic French expression que dalle ! mean? Learn all about
it here.
7-1-10 - All about savoir
Savoir is one of the most common French verbs. It is irregular in conjugation
and literally means "to know." Savoir has different meanings in certain tenses
as well as some other tricky aspects to it.
6-30-10 - Cycling Vocabulary
Whether you love cycling or just watching competitions like the Tour de France,
which begins on 3 July, you'll want to learn some French vocabulary related to cycling.
6-29-10 - Home
Learn some French vocabulary related to the home.
6-28-10 - Informal questions
The "correct" ways to ask questions in French are with est-ce que or inversion.
Informally, there are several other possibilities.
6-25-10 - Connaître la
musique
What does the idiomatic French expression connaître la musique mean? Learn
all about it here.
6-24-10 - Mistake: le moment
quand
Even thought quand means "when," you can't use it to say "the moment when,"
because it's not a relative pronoun.
6-22-10 - Vouloir, pouvoir,
devoir
It is absolutely essential to understand and be able to use these three irregular
French verbs, as they are very common as well as useful. They are often taught together
because of the similarities in the conjugations of vouloir and pouvoir
and the uses of pouvoir and devoir.
6-21-10 - Media and communication
Learn some French vocabulary related to media and communication, including television,
radio, internet, and snail mail.
6-20-10 - Independent study
Even when there's no school, you can keep working on your French. My site has has
all kinds of tools and resources for independent learners.
6-18-10 - Et patati et
patata
What does the French expression et patati et patata mean? Learn all about
it here.
6-17-10 - Read a French Menu
Going to France this summer?
6-15-10 - US States and
Canadian
Provinces
Learn how to say the names of the 50 US states and 13 Canadian provinces and territories
in French.
6-14-10 - Top grammar glossary
terms
When you start learning a foreign language, you'll have a head start if you're already
familiar with grammar terms related to things like parts of speech in your own language.
If you don't know these terms, you'll have more trouble learning French, because
grammar is a key component in language study. My French Grammar Glossary can help
you understand dozens of grammatical terms, but to give you a head start, I've compiled
this list of the essentials with links to more info.
6-11-10 - Donner sa langue
au chat
What does the idiomatic French expression donner sa langue au chat mean?
Learn all about it here.
6-10-11 - All about laisser
Laisser is a regular -er verb that means "to leave." Laisser is also
found in numerous expressions and is commonly used as a semi-auxiliary as well as
a pronominal verb.
6-9-10 - French Soccer Vocabulary
Whether you love playing soccer or just watching games like the World Cup, which
starts on 11 June, you'll want to learn some French vocabulary related to soccer.
6-8-10 - Preposition de
De is a very important and versatile preposition with many different meanings
in French. Learn about its uses, how to decide between de and à, and
whether any given construction requires de or du/des.
6-7-10 - Conjunctive phrases
A conjunctive phrase is a group of two or more words that function as a conjunction,
such as bien que and en attendant que. French conjunctive phrases
usually end in que and are usually subordinating conjunctions.
6-5-10 - Tennis vocabulary
The French Open is coming to a close on 6 June. Use this French vocabulary related
to tennis while watching the semi-finals and finals.
6-4-10 - J'en ai ras le
bol !
What does the idiomatic French expression j'en ai ras le bol mean? Learn
all about it here.
6-3-10 - Mistake: chapître
This word is often misspelled - check out this page to learn how to write it right.
6-2-10 - Daily French
One surefire way to improve your French is to work on it as often as possible. This
site offers various daily and weekly French features as well as tips on incorporating
French into your daily life.
6-1-10 - Faux amis
There are tons of words that look similar in French and English but mean different
things. Here are 5 new additions to my lesson: belle/bell, chagrin, pathétique/pathetic,
scrutin/scrutiny, and surgeon.
5-31-10 - Top 10 verb lessons
French verbs can be difficult, and certain verb lessons on my site get visited over
and over. For some people, certain verb concepts just don't sink in the first (or
second or third) time they are learned, and may continue to cause confusion even
after years of study. To make it easier for you to find the French verb lessons
you need, here are the most commonly visited French verb pages on my site. If you
need to review any of these, know that you are not alone!
5-28-10 - Au pif
What does the French expression au pif mean? Learn all about it here.
5-27-10 - Informal French
If you've ever listened to native French speakers talk to friends or family, you've
almost certainly noticed that they don't sound like your French teacher or audio
tapes. You might notice missing or different words, funny contractions, and strange
grammar. This is because French, like any other language, has different registers
(levels of formality). This lesson summarizes the various informal and familiar
sounds and structures of French.
5-26-10 - French-speaking
celebrities
If your students don't see any point in learning French, maybe Jodie Foster and
Johnny Depp can help: we've compiled a list of famous non-native French speakers
around the world - if your students know how many cool people speak French, they
might realize how cool French really is!
5-25-10 - Negation
A summary of all the different negative structures and their uses in French, plus
detailed explanations of each kind of negative structure, including the ne explétif,
ne littéraire, and more.
5-24-10 - Passive infinitive
Even though the French infinitive translates as "to + verb," the French sometimes
needs to be preceded by a preposition. This is the case with the passive infinitive,
which is commonly used with indefinite and negative words.
5-23-10 - Tennis vocabulary
The French Open begins today, 23 May, so here's some French vocabulary related to
tennis.
5-21-10 - Ah bon ?
What does the French expression ah bon mean? Learn all about it here.
5-20-10 - All about jouer
Jouer is a very common and useful regular -ER French verb. It means "to play,"
both transitively and intransitively, and needs different prepositions depending
on what exactly is being played.
5-18-10 - Restaurant vocabulary
Learn the French vocabulary that you need for restaurants, and then see how you
do on the quiz.
5-17-10 - "Then" in French
The word "then" has two distinct meanings: one related to consequence and the other
to time. These meanings translate differently into French, and the various synonyms
further complicate matters. The French words ainsi, alors, and
donc are commonly used to explain the consequences or effect of an action. In
contrast, après, ensuite, and puis indicate the order of events.
This lesson should help you to understand the difference between all of these terms
and thus use them correctly.
5-15-10 - French Movie Vocabulary
Whether you love attending film festivals, watching movies, or just reading reviews,
you'll want to learn some French vocabulary related to movies.
5-14-10 - En deux
temps, trois mouvements
What does the French expression en deux temps trois mouvements mean? Learn
all about it here.
5-13-10 - All about aller
Aller is one of the most common French verbs. It is irregular in conjugation
and literally means "to go." It is also used in some idiomatic expressions and to
conjugate the near future.
5-11-10 - À - French Preposition
Despite its tiny size, à is a very important French preposition, with many
different meanings and uses.
5-10-10 - French Proverbs
Spice up your language with some French proverbs.
5-7-10 - Coup d'œil
What does the French expression un coup d'œil mean? Learn all about it here.
5-4-10 - Conjunctions of conclusion
The French conjunctions parce que, car, puisque, and comme
are commonly used to draw conclusions or otherwise relate a cause or explanation
with a result or conclusion. These conjunctions have similar but not identical meanings
and uses - this lesson explains the difference.
5-3-10 - Expressions with prendre
The French verb prendre literally means "to take" and is also used in many
idiomatic expressions. Learn how to make a decision, get a breath of fresh air,
catch someone red-handed, and more with this list of expressions with prendre.
4-30-10 - Fais voir
What does the French expression fais voir mean? Learn all about it here.
4-29-10 - Irregular -ER Verbs
There are a lot of French verbs that end in -ER and there are a lot of irregular
French verbs, but there is only one irregular -ER verb. However, there are three
groups of -ER verbs that have some irregularities.
4-27-10 - Roman Numerals
Roman numerals are used far more in French than in English, as both
cardinal numbers and
ordinal numbers.
4-26-10 - Obligation and necessity
- French Expressions
There are many French words and expressions related to obligation and necessity.
Learn how to say it's my duty, to have no choice, to be obliged, whether you like
it or not, and more French expressions of obligation and necessity.
4-23-10 - Oh là là
What does the French expression oh là là mean? Learn all about it here.
4-22-10 - All about Venir
Venir is one of the most common French verbs. It is irregular in conjugation and
literally means "to come." It is also used in some idiomatic expressions and to
conjugate the recent past.
4-20-10 - Voice
Voice is one of the five inflections involved in conjugating French verbs. It indicates
the relationship between the subject and verb.
4-19-10 - Expressions with Mise
The French word la mise has numerous meanings and is also used in many idiomatic
expressions. Learn how to say involvement, make-up, leg-pulling and more with this
list of expressions with la mise.
4-17-10 - Floral'Hyères
In 2010, the first Floral'Hyères was held in downtown Hyères, France. The most spectacular
aspect of this biannual celebration was the flower parade, with 10 flower bedecked
floats accompanied by singers, dancers, and other performers.
4-16-10 -
En avril, ne te découvre pas d'un fil
What does the French expression En avril, ne te découvre pas d'un fil mean?
Learn all about it here.
4-15-10 - Double Negatives
Grammarians insist that two negatives make a positive. While this may be true in
English, in French two negatives make a stronger negative. Double negation is very
common in French, particularly informal French. However, there are some rules and
regulations when using double negatives in French.
4-14-10 - Improve your French
accent
Speaking French is more than just knowing the vocabulary and grammar rules - you
also need to pronounce the letters correctly. Unless you started learning French
as a child, you're unlikely to ever sound like a native speaker, but it's certainly
not impossible for adults to speak with a decent French accent. Here are some ideas
to help you improve your French pronunciation.
4-13-10 - Tel, Telle, Tels, Telles
The French word tel can be a qualifying adjective, an indefinite adjective,
or an indefinite pronoun, and is also used in a number of expressions and conjunctions,
making it an extremely versatile and useful French word.
4-12-10 - Expressions with dire
The French verb dire literally means "to say" or "to tell" and is also used
in many idiomatic expressions. Learn how to tell someone off, talk nonsense, be
a yes-man, and more with this list of expressions with dire.
4-9-10 - Plus ça change
What does the French expression plus ça change mean? Learn all about it here.
4-8-10 - Avoiding the subjunctive
The subjunctive is a fairly difficult verb mood for many students of French. Between
the conjugations and deciding when to use it, the subjunctive can be very tricky.
Although the subjunctive is commonly used in French, there are numerous ways to
avoid it.
4-6-10 - Pas
The French negative adverb pas is often used in conjunction with ne,
but pas can also be used all on its own. The main difference is that ne
... pas is used to negate a verb, while pas without ne is used
to negate an adjective, adverb, noun, or pronoun, and can be used to ask for confirmation.
4-5-10 - Invitations - French
Expressions
There are a number of different ways to extend, accept, and refuse invitations in
French, both formally and informally.
4-2-10 - Introduction to French
Sentences
A sentence (une phrase) is a group of words including at minimum a subject (which
may be stated or implied) and a verb. Learn about French sentences, including sentence
parts and the four different types of sentences.
4-1-10 - Coup de foudre
What does the French expression coup de foudre mean? Learn all about it here.
3-30-10 - Indefinite
adjectives
French indefinite adjectives, sometimes called affirmative indefinite adjectives,
are used to modify nouns in an unspecific sense. Learn all about French indefinite
adjectives like autre, certain, chaque, divers, and
tout.
3-29-10 - Expressions with tenir
The French verb tenir literally means to hold, keep, or grasp and is also
used in many idiomatic expressions. Learn how to keep in mind, have on good authority,
keep an eye on someone, and more with this list of expressions with tenir.
3-27-10 - Heure d'été
France is setting its clocks ahead this weekend - learn how to talk about this annual
time change in French.
3-26-10 - Ça va
The French expression ça va is one of the most common in the entire language.
It can be both question and answer, but it is informal, so you should try to avoid
it when speaking with people you vouvoie. Learn all about ça va with
this lesson.
3-25-10 - No in French
Saying no in French is pretty simple, but there are quite a few synonyms and precisions
to be aware of. Check out this lesson to learn how to say no, not a chance, I don't
think so, and more.
3-23-10 - Depuis vs Il y a
The French temporal expressions depuis and il y a have distinctly
different meanings and uses, yet they often present difficulties for French students.
Here is a detailed explanation and comparison of depuis and il y a
to help you clearly understand the difference once and for all.
3-22-10 - Impersonal Expressions
Impersonal expressions are those which do not have a specific subject, as in
il est difficile à dire or c'est bon de travailler ensemble. Learn about
the difference between il est and c'est and how to know which preposition
to use.
3-20-10 -
Les Dix Mots
20 March is la Journée
internationale de la francophonie as well as part of
la Semaine
de la langue française et de la francophonie. An interesting element of
this annual celebration is the
Dix mots
initiative, when the Organisation
internationale de la Francophonie chooses 10 words and invites French speakers
around the world to use them in stories, poems, collages, or any other endeavor
they might imagine. I thought it would be fun to provide these words in the hopes
that you'll share your creations with us in the comments. À vous les paroles !
3-19-10 - Revenons
à nos moutons
What does the French expression revenons à nos moutons mean? Learn all about
it here.
3-18-10 - Advanced mistakes
If you speak French at an advanced level, congratulations! You may not be fluent
yet, but you're definitely on your way. Nonetheless, there are probably a few concepts
you can use a bit of help with. Oftentimes these are small details that don't affect
your listener's comprehension, but mistakes are mistakes and if you want to be fluent
you need to avoid them. Here are the ten most common French mistakes and difficulties
for advanced speakers, with links to lessons.
3-16-10 - Interrogative
adverbs
Interrogative adverbs are used to ask for new information or facts. Learn about
the French interrogative adverbs quand, où, pourquoi, comment, and combien.
3-15-10 - Expressions with entrer
The French verb entrer literally means "to enter" and is also used in many
idiomatic expressions. Learn how to get in touch with someone, come into effect,
go to war, and more with this list of expressions with entrer.
3-12-10 - Valoir le coup
/ Ça vaut le coup
What does the French expression valoir le coup / ça vaut le coup mean? Learn
all about it here.
3-11-10 - Basic French listening
Easy dialogs and exercises to help beginners develop their aural French comprehension.
3-9-10 - Subjunctive - Le subjonctif
The subjunctive mood is used to express actions or ideas which are subjective or
otherwise uncertain: will/wanting, emotion, doubt, possibility, necessity, judgment.
It is nearly always found in dependent clauses introduced by que or qui,
and the subjects of the dependent and main clauses are usually different.
3-8-10 - Expressions with pain
The French word le pain literally means "bread" and is also used in many
idiomatic expressions. Learn how to say worthless, bankrupt, godsend, and more with
this list of expressions with pain.
3-5-10 - À la vôtre
What does the French expression à la vôtre mean? Learn all about it here.
3-4-10 - All about prendre
Prendre, which means "to take," is one of the most common French verbs. It is irregular
in conjugation and is found in a number of idiomatic expressions.
3-2-10 - French Tonic Accent
In French, each syllable of a word and each word is pronounced with the same emphasis,
except for the final syllable of each rhythmic group. In order to emphasize a specific
word in French, you can use the accent tonique.
3-1-10 - Expressions with vivre
The French verb vivre iterally means "to live" and is also used in many idiomatic
expressions. Learn how to be at peace, move with the times, live to a ripe old age,
and more with this list of expressions with vivre.
2-28-10 - Improve Your French Verb Conjugations
Conjugating French verbs in a workbook or letter is one thing, but remembering
individual verb conjugations when you're speaking is another matter
entirely. Here are some tips to help you get better at conjugating French
verbs.
2-26-10 - Avoir le beurre
et l'argent du beurre
What does the French expression avoir le beurre et l'argent du beurre mean?
Learn all about it here.
2-25-10 - Ne explétif
The ne explétif is used after certain verbs and conjunctions. I call it a
"non-negative ne" because it has no negative value in and of itself. It is used
in situations where the main clause has a negative (either negative-bad or negative-negated)
meaning, such as expressions of fear, warning, doubt, and negation.
2-22-10 - Expressions
with pas
The French word un pas literally means "step" and is also used in many idiomatic
expressions. Learn how to say just around the corner, to hurry, to take the plunge,
and more with this list of expressions with pas.
2-19-10 - Dans son assiette
What does the French expression dans son assiette mean? Learn all about it
here.
2-18-10 - Yes in French
Saying yes in French is pretty simple, but there are quite a few synonyms and precisions
to be aware of. Check out this lesson to learn how to say yes, yeah, sure, and more.
2-17-10 - Carnaval de Nice
Nice Carnaval is the largest winter event on the French Riviera. In 2009, Carnaval
de Nice took place from 13 February to 1 March, and the theme was Roi des Mascarades
(King of Masquerades). With 20 tall floats (up to 14 meters / 46 feet high); 20
flower floats; 200 "big heads"; and countless dancers, musicians, and other participants
- not to mention tens of thousands of spectators, it was a fun and crazy celebration.
2-16-10 - French Mardi gras
vocabulary
Mardi gras is an annual celebration called le mardi gras (literally, "fat
Tuesday") or le carnaval in French
2-15-10 - Savoir vs Connaître
- French Verbs "To Know"
French has two verbs which can be translated by the English verb to know: savoir
and connaître. This might seem confusing to English speakers, but in fact
there are distinct differences in meaning and usage for the two verbs.
2-14-10 - Love language
If French is the language of love, what better language is there with which to express
your love? Here are some key French words and phrases related to love, friendship,
and special occasions, including a variety of terms of endearment and step-by-step
instructions on saying "I love you" in French.
2-13-10 - Expressions with parler
The French verb parler literally means "to talk" or "to speak" and is also
used in many idiomatic expressions. Learn how to babble, be a good speaker, make
small talk, and more with this list of expressions with parler.
2-12-10 - Les Anglais
sont arrivés
What does the familiar French idiomatic expression les Anglais sont arrivés
mean? Learn all about it here.
2-11-10 - ier verbs
French verbs that end in
2-9-10 - French Affective
Accent
English speakers can emphasize one word in a sentence just by pronouncing it with
more stress or by saying it more loudly, but this is not the case in French. Instead,
the affective accent can be used to emphasize what the speaker wants to say.
2-8-10 - "French" Expressions
There are dozens of expressions in English which contain the word "French," like
French cleaners, French drain, and French leave, but are these things actually French?
Take a look at this list with the French equivalents and the literal translations
- you might be surprised.
2-7-10 - Introductions
When you meet French speakers, you need to know how to introduce yourself and what
to say when you are introduced. Here are some useful expressions related to French
introductions, with sound files.
2-6-10 - Keep a French Journal - French Project
There are any number of ways to practice French every
day, and one easy and interesting one is to keep a French journal. This project, which
can be done in class or independently, is fully adaptable for any level and
duration.
2-5-10 - Il y a
The French expression il y a can mean "there is" or "there are" and is one
of the most important expressions in the French language. Learn all about it here.
2-4-10 - All about falloir
Falloir is an irregular impersonal French verb that is better known in its
conjugated form: il faut. Falloir means "to be necessary" or "to need"
and may be followed by the subjunctive, an infinitive, or a noun.
2-2-10 - Chandeleur
The Catholic holiday of Candlemas, on 2 February, is a feast to commemorate the
purification of the Virgin Mary and the presentation of baby Jesus. In France, this
holiday is called la Chandeleur, Fête de la Lumière, or jour des crêpes.
2-1-10 - Perfect Participle
- Passé composé du participe présent
The French perfect participle is used to describe a condition existing in the past
or an action that took place right before another action. It means the same thing
as après + l'infinitif passé, with one difference: the perfect participle can have
a different subject than the main clause. Having studied this lesson, you'll have
no trouble with the French perfect participle.
1-31-10 - Expressions with rendre
The French verb rendre literally means "to return" and is also used in many
idiomatic expressions. Learn how to give thanks, glorify, comply with orders, and
more with this list of expressions with rendre.
1-29-10 - Avoir du pot
What does the French expression avoir du pot mean? Learn all about it here.
1-28-10 - Ne littéraire
What I call the ne littéraire is the phenomenon in literary writing (and,
to a much lesser extent, spoken French) whereby certain verbs and constructions
need ne but not pas in order to be negative. Note that the use of
pas in these constructions is not prohibited, simply optional.
1-26-10 - French Negative
Pronouns - Pronoms négatifs
French negative pronouns, sometimes called indefinite negative pronouns, are made
up of two parts which surround the verb, and are used to negate, refuse, or cast
doubt on the existence of the noun that they replace.
1-25-10 - Expressions with n'importe
The French indefinite expression n'importe, which literally means "no matter,"
can be followed by an interrogative adjective, adverb, or pronoun in order to designate
an unspecified person, thing, or characteristic.
1-22-10 - Voilà
Even though voilà is just one word, it has so many possible meanings - most
of which require multiple words in the English equivalents - that I've decided to
treat it as an expression. Learn all about it here.
1-21-10 - Telling Time
Learn how to tell time in French. This multi-part lesson includes notes, sound files,
and practice exercises to help master telling time in French.
1-20-10 - Top 10 pages
Week after week, there are certain pages on my site - mostly indexes to particular
types of lessons - that consistently get high traffic. To make it easier for my
readers to find these popular pages, I've put them together into a handy top 10
list that you can bookmark for future reference.
1-19-10 - Past Infinitive
- Infinitif passé
The French past infinitive indicates an action that occurred before the action of
the main verb, but only when the subject of both verbs is the same. The past infinitive
sounds awkward in English - we usually change it to another tense or reword the
sentence completely.
1-18-10 - Expressions with chat
The French word un chat literally means "cat" or the game "tag" and is also
used in many idiomatic expressions. Learn how to say tit for tat, to have a frog
in one's throat, to wash quickly, and more with this list of expressions with
chat.
1-15-10 - Tout à l'heure
What does the French expression tout à l'heure mean? Learn all about it here.
1-14-10 - French proficiency test
This is version 2 of my beginning French proficiency test, for those of you who
have taken the original so many times that you practically have it memorized.
1-13-10 - French webquest
A webquest is an interesting project for French classes or for independent studiers
looking to spice up their self-instruction. This project is perfect as a long-term
activity for intermediate and advanced students, though it can also be adapted for
beginners.
1-12-10 - Parts of Speech
Learning French is hard, and it's even harder if you don't understand the basics
of grammar in your own language. If your mind boggles when people start talking
about nouns, adjectives, and other parts of speech, this lesson is for you.
1-11-10 - Online
translation project
Online translators can be a blessing or a curse. If you don't speak a word of a
foreign language, an online translator can give you the gist of a web page's meaning.
However, the translation will likely be full of errors and strange wording. French
students may be uninformed about these online translation problems and may try to
get away with using one in order to lessen their workload. This project can help
them understand why it's not a good idea from a linguistic point of view, and also
- for teachers who are looking for a way to discourage online translator usage -
let them know that you won't tolerate it.
1-10-10 - Expressing opinions
If you want to have a debate in French or discuss your opinions, you need to know
the relevant vocabulary and expressions. This page offers suggestions for offering,
supporting, asking for, and avoiding opinions in French.
1-9-10 - France
ranked #1 country for quality of life
Do you agree?
1-8-10 - Faire
d'une pierre deux coups
What does the French proverb faire d'une pierre deux coups mean? Learn all
about it here.
1-7-10 - The Subjunctivator!
This interactive tool helps improve your knowledge of which French verbs and expressions
take the subjunctive.
1-6-10 - La Galette
des Rois
After all the excitement of
Christmas and the
new year, there's
still one more interesting French tradition: the "pulling of the kings." This celebration
takes place at Epiphany, which has a variable date - it can either be 6 January
or the first Sunday of the month.
1-5-10 - Fickle French
Adjectives
There are a number of French adjectives which have different meanings depending
on where they are placed. Generally speaking, when the adjective precedes the noun,
it has a figurative or subjective meaning, whereas the adjective which follows the
noun has a literal or objective meaning.
1-4-10 - Expressions with donner
The French verb donner literally means "to give" and is also used in many
idiomatic expressions. Learn how to sound the alarm, devote oneself, show signs
of weakness, and more with this list of expressions with donner.
1-3-10 - Warm ups and fillers
Most language teachers find that there is a bit of dead time during class. This
may occur at the beginning of class, as the students are arriving; at the end of
class, as they are thinking about leaving; and right in the middle of class, when
transitioning from one lesson to another. During this dead time, the best option
is to spend five or ten minutes on a short, interesting activity.
1-2-10 - French in
the news
During the first decade of the 21st century, some aspect of the French language
made headlines on several occasions. Here's a look back at French in the news from
2000 to 2009.
1-1-10 - Bonne
année et bonne santé !
What does the French expression Bonne année et bonne santé ! mean? Learn
all about it here.
